Essay on Reasons for United States Involvement in World...

Reasons for United States Involvement in World War I At first the public opinion of Americans was firmly set on neutrality. The majority of people had little or no concerns of the affairs of the rest of the world - why should America interfere with the conflicts of other nations? Americans supported a policy of isolationism, and Democrat Woodrow Wilson was re-elected in 1916 on the grounds that he had kept them out of the war. The president also knew only too well that many Americans were unsympathetic towards Britain. There were German Americans who routed for a German victory, whilst Irish Americans disliked British rule over Ireland. On top of this, the Jewish Russians who had fled from the†¦show more content†¦Of the 1198 passengers who died, 128 of these were American. This aroused great anger in Americans, and further attacks followed as in June the German government announced passenger ships would be sunk without warning. The sinking of the Lusitania was used in British propaganda to remind the US citizens of the liv es that had been lost due to Germany, hence they should join the war to defeat them. The Germans decided to return to the policy of unrestricted submarine attacks on shipping in January 1917. The Submarines were not able to sink well-organised military ships and this is probably why passenger ships were attacked. Diplomatic relations between Germany and America were broken off by Wilson when and American liner was sunk on 3 February. This act taken by Germany was a big gamble to try to relieve the stalemate situation on the Western front, but this was an important reason towards America becoming involved in the way. That same month, Alfred Zimmerman sent orders to the German Ambassador in Mexico to try to enlist support against the US. Mexico would be rewarded with the opportunity to regain territory, supposedly theirs, which was now part of the US. The note was intercepted by the British secret service, and when it published in March, Americans were outraged and infuriated. This was another gamble, but far more reckless. The stalemate had left theirShow MoreRelatedAmerica, An Ever Changing World Superpower1504 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica, an Ever-Changing World Superpower America has been viewed in a wide variety of ways on the global stage. From the Progressive Era to containment, the view of the United States as a world power has changed dramatically. The country went through a large process of adopting an isolationist policy during the Progressive Era. This isolationist view was also present pre and post-World War I. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, America took a bold stance and using its industrial power pushed itselfRead MoreWoodrow Wilson And The Progressive Movement888 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States of America’s involvement in World War I went against the very fabric of the country’s existence. 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Certain aspects of bothRead MoreUnited States Involvement with Vietnam Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesUnited States Involvement with Vietnam Although there are no specific, reasons as to why the USA became increasingly involved in the war, I can name many different reasons and aspects as to why they did. These reasons all link together in some way. These reasons range from long term to short term, and from financial, to political, and finally to full scale war. The origins of involvement can be traced back to the 19th century when the French had added a huge partRead MoreThe Attack On Pearl Harbor1741 Words   |  7 Pageshave changed the world and its countries as we know them today. One of the major events that has happened and is known internationally, is the second World War, a confrontation mainly between Germany, Italy, and Japan in the axis side, and Great Britain, France and the Soviet Union in the allies side, which had many more countries involved. Even though those were the major countries involved at the beginning, one major turning point in war was when the United States was brought into war, which probablyRead MoreThe War I And World War II1660 Words   |  7 Pagesin thehistory of the world were World War I and World War II. World War I occurred from 1914 to 1918. World War I was caused by militarism, alliances, nationalism, imperialism and assassination (MANIA). The first four causations were more of a build-up to it. Then, once the Arch-Duke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated, the buildup w as sparked. This can be compared to pouring gasoline on the ground and then lighting it on fire. World War II occurred from 1939 to 1945.World War II was caused by the discontentRead MoreThe Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor1392 Words   |  6 Pagesattacked the United States’ naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. This crippling attack caused many American casualties, and American citizens quickly became filled with fury and abhorrence; the detestation that swallowed the hearts of the American citizens was shown through President Roosevelt’s expeditious appeal to Congress to declare war against Japan. The attack on Pearl Harbor was an unforgettable day in history and directly affected the United States involvement in World War Two and the patriotism

Career Path On Your Future Career - 951 Words

As the last year of college has started it is time to focus your thoughts on your future career. Many of you already know what your career path will be and others are still fine tuning your choices. If you have great communication skills, are detailed orientated and have a strong aptitude for science you may want to become a Pharmacist. A Pharmacist doesn’t just hand out drugs, it is much more than that. You will need to complete a four year degree to obtain your Pharm.D. (Doctor of Pharmacy). Admissions requirements vary by program, however, all Doctor of Pharmacy programs require applicants to take postsecondary courses such as chemistry, biology, and anatomy. Most programs require at least 2 years of undergraduate study, although some require a bachelor’s degree. Most programs also require applicants to take the Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT). According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, prospective pharmacists must pass two exams to get a license. The North American Pharmacist Licensure Exam (NAPLEX) tests pharmacy skills and knowledge. The Multistate Pharmacy Jurisprudence Exam (MPJE) or a state-specific test on pharmacy law is also required. Applicants also must complete a number of hours as an intern, which varies by state (2016). Pharmacists can work in hospitals, retail and grocery stores, drug and insurance companies and healthcare facilities. On a typical day a pharmacist will: †¢ advise physicians and other health practitioners on the selection, dosages,Show MoreRelatedThe Activity of Planning a Career1620 Words   |  7 PagesCareer planning is not an activity that should be done once -- in high school or college -- and then left behind as we move forward in our jobs and careers. Rather, career planning is an activity that is best done on a regular basis -- especially given the data that the average worker will change careers (not jobs) multiple times over his or her lifetime. 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Negotiation Strategies and Theories free essay sample

Most of us envision negotiations as a form of conflict where the outcome is typically one winner and one loser (or winning and losing party/group). Because both parties engaging in negotiations have something to achieve, people tend to enter negotiations emphasizing outcome and/or process goals (Katz-Navon and Goldschmidt, 2009). Differences in status, power, and gender all play highly significant roles (often times subconsciously or inadvertently) and will be discussed further analyzed in this paper. As somewhat of a disclaimer, the terms â€Å"individuals†, â€Å"groups†, or â€Å"parties† are often used interchangeably with no regard to the circumstances on how many people or entities are involved in the negotiation theories to be discussed. Negotiation theory is an interdisciplinary field that has been developed by economists, sociologists, and psychologists, and offers prescriptions for effective negotiating (Arvanitis and Karampatzos, 2011). Introspectively I would theorize that like individual’s negotiation strategy or style is much like any other personality trait in that it is inherent, and little subject to change over the long-term. We will write a custom essay sample on Negotiation Strategies and Theories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, most importantly, I have no mental reservations to conclude that negotiation skills and theories can be learned and practiced to broaden ones abilities and inherent traits. Individuals whose primary focus is centered on outcome-based goals, based on their limited willingness or ability to broaden the perception of their negotiation strategy, would mainly concentrate on the final results of the negotiation (Katz-Navon and Goldschmidt, 2009). I believe this strategy has a tremendous amount of utility when you want to subconsciously lead the opposing party to believe this is your primary negotiation strategy. However, I believe this covert strategy to be effective only if one enters the negotiation with the most power. When individuals have more power than the opposed, they are less dependent on their opposition and more easily and likely to be able to satisfy their own needs and desires (Malhotra and Gino, 2011). This self-interest based strategy can often raise moral conflict if one party’s objective opposes the other, particularly along the grounds of gender or culturally based beliefs or tendencies. There are several strategies in which parties entering negotiations at a disadvantage can use in attempt to shift the power and direction of a negotiation which will be discussed further in this paper. Counter to the outcome-based strategy previously discussed, parties who are more strongly process-oriented will have the ability to formulate and deploy more comparatively malleable strategies that lead to a successful resolution of the negotiation (Katz-Navon and Goldschmidt, 2009). I believe that a majority of people would find this strategy far more constructive than the outcome-based approach. In the field of psychology, the majority of research has been focused on this decision-making perspective constituting a structured process between rational parties (Arvanitis and Karampatzos, 2011). Regardless of the negotiation strategy used, its mechanics can be analyzed based on conscious and subconscious exchanges of information (and attempts to validate claims). OBSTACLES ENCOUNTERED Negotiating individuals rely on cognitions during the negotiation process. Many times, these cognitions are erroneous ones (i. e.heuristics, stereotypes, and other biases) and significantly affect negotiation outcomes. Stereotypes commutate a fixed attitude toward a social group which are brought to the forefront of engagement during negotiation sessions. Obstacles encountered often lead to a fixed-pie bias (Dweck and Leggett, 1988), limiting the scope of what each party will be able to gain or achieve from the negotiation. Unfortunately, many of these cognitions are deeply rooted in cultural confl icts, resulting in cognitions reflecting as character traits and personal beliefs. For instance, in Afghanistan we are working towards the unification and strengthening of the Afghan government, yet the majority of its population are identify with one of numerous tribal entities who have no sense of nationality or unity with other tribal entities. The less parties understand about the limits of bargaining range and appropriate standards for agreement, the more ambiguity there is in the negotiation situation (Bowles, Babcock, and McGinn, 2009). Lacking information by not conducting proper research on the other parties(as well as their own) limits and constraints generates uncertainties about what is attainable in the negotiation. Also, perceived inequalities in status and power between negotiating parties are brought into the thick of things when cultures collide (more-so perhaps than gender-based issues to be discussed later). WAYS TO EXPAND THE PIE Both parties must enter negotiations believing that a win-win scenario is possible. One of the first road-blocks to e xpanding the pie is entering the negotiation insistent that there is only one issue or problem that is up for discussion. A similar scenario limiting pie-expanding capabilities is the rationale that the focus is on dividing the pie up front rather than enlarging the pie before dividing it. These scenarios almost always result in a win-lose type scenario. A natural counter to this scenario is to bring additional issues into the negotiation. Beneath the surface, it is always fairly likely additional issues do exist which can be strategically and carefully brought to the table. Bringing other people or parties into negotiations may also expand the size of the bargaining pie by adding additional insight or bargaining power. Additionally, this helps to avoid one reason negotiations fail by unbundling issues, or avoiding argument over a single issue. Parties should prepare themselves for negotiations by harnessing and strategizing ways to utilize their power, therefore increasing their optimism and perception of control during the negotiation (Malhotra and Gino, 2011). Those who enter negotiations focused on their lack of power (perceived or real) will be more focused on increasing their power during the course of the negotiation as opposed to being focused on more beneficial, holistic strategies that are more likely to result in a win-win scenario. Negotiators should engage in interactions by expressing interest and concern with the viewpoints of the opposing party. This helps to ensure that opposing parties are more likely and willing to engage in future negotiations and will be more receptive. Meanwhile, parties should signal their willingness to share information about their own interests as well. This creates an obvious paradox due to expectations that both parties be forth-coming and receptive, yet as in many if life’s delicate situations, revealing too much too soon can put a party at a disadvantage. Roadblocks to expanding the pie may unintentionally be set in place when people or parties believe that their interests are non-negotiable or too separate or distant from that of the opposing party, when in reality, they are not. This is known as â€Å"false conflict† or â€Å"illusory conflict. † In order to circumvent this inevitable failure, parties must avoid making premature concessions regarding the other party. Similar to the criteria contained in false conflict, â€Å"fixed-pie perception† is a view where the other party’s interests are inversely related to one’s own. In other words, not only are they too distant or separate, but they are viewed as being directly in contrast with the current parties views. CREATIVE METHODS TO CREATE ALTERNATIVES One of the most powerful ways to steer negotiations towards a more positive direction (primarily when the other party is being uncooperative) is via a strategy of making multiple offers of equivalent value simultaneously. This generates alternatives by diversifying the offer to avoid sequential declination of offers, often resulting in a â€Å"lose-lose† scenario. Rhetoric, as defined by Aristotle, is the faculty of discovering the possible means of persuasion in reference to any subject whatever (Arvanitis and Karampatzos, 2011). This can serve as a powerful tool for altering the structure and progess of negotiations and help to uncover some of the underlying principles in the opposing parties’ negotiation structure. Aristotle goes on to argue that: â€Å"That which is persuasive is persuasive in reference to someone, and is persuasive and convincing either at once and in and by itself, or because it appears to be proved by propositions that are convincing. Rhetoric will not consider what seems probable in each individual case, for instance to Socrates or Hippias, but that which seems probable to this or that class of persons† (Arvanitis and Karampatzos, 2011). Negotiators may even resort to the use of bluffing (or flat-out lying) in order to accomplish their mission. In a situation where one party has an actual (real, not perceived) disadvantage, they can render a strong emotional effect by bluffing. For instance, they may attempt to â€Å"throw-off† their stronger opposition by surprising them with a false statement that they have received a better offer or have recently found more ideal means to accomplish their own ends. When well executed, bluffing can turn the tables on the perception of power during the course of a negotiation. However, the bluffing negotiators need to have strong alternatives available, as well as heed the necessity to not over-bluff or bluff too early so they do not radiate a sense of desperation due to their lacking in status and power. DIFFERENCES IN STATUS AND POWER Power is commonly defined as the capacity to control one’s own resources and outcomes, as well as those of others (Malhotra and Gino, 2011). One of the most common way that parties seek to increase their power is to invest in and pursue outside exchange relationships to which they are the primary beneficiary towards opposing parties. For instance, in the mid-1900s, American car manufacturers spent more time and money partnering with industries that brought those cheaper materials than Japan did, giving the United States the edge in automobile manufacturing for decades until Japan’s marketed quality improvements overhauled their industry. Social role theory can be defined as the expectations which people develop for others based on their demographic attributes, coupled with beliefs on what behaviors are suitable for that role. Historically, because of economic, ecological, social, and technological pressures, women and men were assigned to labor tasks that were consistent with their physical attributes (Harrison and Lynch, 2009). In today’s workplace, as well as at home, far more women are crossing into powerful business roles traditionally held by men. In group and organizational settings, power shapes the nature of social and strategic interactions. Those who lack power will often heavily invest in the pursuit of gaining power in relationships which have the potential to shape the intrapersonal dynamics of these exchange relationships. When parties enter negotiations in which they have an advantage (perceived or real) they must err on the side of caution to ensure the opposing party is not corruptly trying to take advantage of them. Parties who enter negotiations at a disadvantage (perceived or real) are more likely to use emotional routes of persuasion, which put the opposition into a frame of mind to better facilitate the acceptance of an argument; or logical persuasion where real (or apparent) truth is readily demonstrated (Arvanitis and Karampatzos, 2011). If entering a negotiation scenario, I prefer to open my argument on a logical basis to establish validation for myself and make it more unlikely that future claims and arguments can or will be refuted. GENDER DIFFERENCES Gender differences play some of the most substantial, yet subtle roles in the negotiation playing field. A wide array of research has shown that gender-based stereotypes play a substantial role in our subconscious mind and heavily influence our strategies and performance, even without us actively thinking about it. Also, women in negotiation often reach less favorable agreements than men. In a study of MBA graduates, research found that women negotiated smaller salaries than men while both genders received comparable initial offers and engaged in negotiations at approximately the same rate (Stuhlmacher, 2007). Gender does not always matter in negotiation. Its effects are inherently bound to the particular situation (Bowles, Babcock, and McGinn, 2009). One of the hallmarks of professional organization is a culture of acceptance and professionalism without gender-bias. I am proud to have been in an Army unit that was selected to serve as one of ten pilot units for the Women in the Army program: where women would be assigned to non-combat duty positions inside of traditionally male-only combat units. While by no means perfect, the military as a whole has taken great strides to stamp out sexism, gender-bias, and sexual harassment. An array of research conducted found that women’s communication patters in negotiations differ from those of men. Women (significantly more often than men) were found to partake in more submissive communications patterns when faced with disclaimers and interruptions during bargaining sessions. Women also exhibited more cooperative behaviors than male negotiators (Walters et al. , 1998). Research also suggests that a significant amount of women (on average) actually experience the negotiation different than men (Stuhlmacher, 2007). Gender-based stereotypes play an even greater role when parties ambiguously enter a negotiation scenario or situation. Research shows that the more ambiguity there is in the negotiation situation, the more potential there is for the individual difference to affect performance (Bowles, Babcock, and McGinn, 2009). Modern technology brings us many ways to enter negotiations outside of the traditional face to face fashion. Alternative methods such as phone or email based negotiations can help to reduce or even eliminate gender-based stereotypes.

The Erl King Essays - Mythic Humanoids, Erl King, Elf, Ballads

The Erl King ?Sore trembled the father: he spurr'd thro the wild. Clasping close to his bosom his shuddering child. He reaches his dwelling in doubt and in dread. But clasp'd to his bosom, the infant was dead.? Taken from ?The Erl King,? by Johann Wolgang von Goethe, one can certainly sense the eerie and suspenseful mood. The author forms this mood by creating well-structured characters and a unique dialogue. There were only three characters in ?The Erl King?: the boy, his father, and the Erl King himself. Yet, each takes on an important role in conveying the eerie, suspenseful mood of this poem. The Erl King is actually a spirit, seen only by his victims. That fact alone gives the mood of the poem a supernatural, mysterious feeling. It is seen that not only is the Erl King mysterious, but he is quite manipulative. He tries to entice the boy into going with him, promising him great fun and happiness, but once he recognizes the boy does not want to leave his father, he becomes angry. All patience is lost and he becomes more forceful with the boy. His change in temperament quickly reassures the reader that the Erl King is out to get what he wants at all costs. The young boy is but a vulnerable child and is an easy target for the Erl King because of his young age. His father thinks that he is imagining up the Erl King, when in fact he is real. The knowledge that the reader holds adds suspens e to the already eerie mood, because the reader knows that Erl King is real and that he is trying to take away the young boys life. The father remains clueless though and you hope the he soon realizes what is happening in order to save his child's life. The dialogue of the poems also displays the mood at hand. The author has the boy repeatedly warn his father that the Erl King was near, trying to take him away. Despite the boy's fear, the father dismisses what the child says, after first telling him that it was something else altogether. ?O father! O father! now, now keep your hold. The Erl King has seized me- his grasp is so cold.? The urgency in the young boy's voice lets you know what a frightful thing is taking place. He yearns for his father to realize what was happening, adding urgency to the mood of the poem. As the Erl King is whispering into the boy's ear, you can only pray that he will be safe in the arms of his father, as they together travel through Germany's Black Forest in the dark of the night. The eerie, suspenseful mood well created in this poem is unmistakable. The author has created a mood so that anyone that reads the poem will become aware of it. Word after word, Johann exceeds his boundaries of dramatic irony, until the final curtain closes of the young boy's untimely death. English Essays